The enduring appeal of the lowest common denominator
“F
rom late 1800s to the 1950s, pulp magazines and books offered a seemingly endless churn of detective stories, adventure capers, crime dramas, Westerns, and science fiction tales. Cheaply priced and printed on low-quality wood-pulp paper—hence the name—these publications were as “pulpy” as could be: mass-produced, of questionable quality, and easily digestible. They were also disposable, titillating, and hugely popular: In the 1920s and ’30s, some issues sold up to
a million copies. They also shared one other characteristic: attention-grabbing cover art.
“Pulp magazine publishers typically used a better-quality wrapper to sell the periodicals, employing talented artists to render dramatic, sensationalist—and sometimes slightly salacious—color cover illustrations that captured gun-wielding gangsters, square-jawed detectives, seductive femme fatales, and damsels in distress in stop-action images,” says Frank Luca, chief librarian at the Wolfsonian-FIU museum in Miami Beach, which is currently hosting the exhibition
In the Shadows: American Pulp Cover Art.
The covers on display provide classic examples of the strangely distinctive art form. “Sex and violence were the mainstays of cover art for almost every genre from Westerns, to science fiction, fantasy, and true crime,” says Luca. The pulps were also very much products of their eras, and often relied on stereotypes surrounding both gender and race: hypermasculine American men, damsels in distress, femme fatales, and people of Asian, African, or Middle Eastern descent depicted as “savage or “primitive,” Luca explains.
Given the subject matter and negative reputation, it was common for both illustrators and authors to operate under pseudonyms. A number of well-known writers contributed to them, including Dashiell Hammett (who initially wrote for Black Mask under the pseudonym “Peter Collinson”), Ray Bradbury, and H.P. Lovecraft, whose short story “The Call of Cthulhu” was first published in Weird Tales.
Who was the target audience for pulp magazines and books?
Judging by the cover art and content, the vast majority of pulps were designed to appeal primarily to a young, lower-middle-class male audience. Many urban youths, immigrants, and other lower- and middle-class males were drawn to the pulps by the vivid cover art—which often featured voluptuous women in need of rescue—and became literate reading popular “adventure,” “spicy,” and “true crime” stories. There were also some “romance” and “confessional” pulp periodicals aiming for a female readership, such as Ideal Love, True Confessions, and All-Story Love Stories, and the Harlequin romance novels had their predecessors.
Who were the illustrators who created these images, and what became of the original works?
There were a number of talented artists who painted the artwork that was put on the covers of pulp magazines, including George Gross, Rafael de Soto, Hugh Joseph Ward, Paul Stahr, and David Berger, among others. There are a number of aficionados who have collected and preserved some of the original artwork, but much has also been lost.”
You definitely want to read through this whole article – or at least scroll through it all to check out the amazing art work!!
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