Category Archives: Academic

Election Day Book Bites

Welcome to a special Election Day episode of Book Bites from the Central Minnesota Libraries Exchange! We love voting, and support everyone’s right to go vote for the candidates of your choice. And we encourage you to remind your candidates and elected officials how valuable libraries are to your community! All candidates and elected officials should be library supporters; we are an amazing investment for our communities. They just need to know what we need.

 

This election season has been hard on everyone, and we are all tired of hearing the negativity. It’s so unnecessary, and we are very suspicious of political candidates who try to win by encouraging us to turn on each other. Their personal short-term gains are detrimental to us all. So today we are going to share a few books on elections and voting – not covering the entire world of elections, which would be impossible in less than five minutes – but to get you started on your own reading and your own thinking. You don’t have to read these books, but we encourage you to read some good books. We are an information literacy profession, and always encourage you to not blindly accept information but to dig in and think through ideas with good resources.

We have a link to a timeline of other voting rights, and different rules set up to allow or to prevent people from voting. It’s pretty shocking to remember that women in the United States have not even been allowed to vote for 100 years yet. The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote, and was ratified on August 18, 1920.  And you only have to glance casually at the news to see that the right to vote – a right that should be extended as widely as absolutely possible, abridged only in the most extreme circumstances – is being denied to people even today. It’s a national embarrassment, and we suggest you do some reading to better understand this.

Never take for granted that you have this precious right and responsibility. If you have not yet voted today, please do so! In Minnesota you can register at the polls on Election Day, and your voice matters. If you are listening after Election Day, no worries the next one is a short two years away. You have plenty of time to get registered, talk to candidates, and make smart, reasoned decisions for yourself.

Go Vote!

 

Parliament of Whores: A Lone Humorist Attempts to Explain the Entire U.S. Government by P.J. O’Rourke

Parliament is a scathing critique of the American system of governance from a conservative perspective. P. J. O’Rourke’s savagely funny and national best-seller Parliament of Whores has become a classic in understanding the workings of the American political system. Originally written at the end of the Reagan era, this new edition includes an extensive foreword by the renowned political writer Andrew Ferguson — showing us that although the names and the players have changed, the game is still the same. Parliament of Whores is an exuberant, broken-field run through the ethical foibles, pork-barrel flimflam, and bureaucratic bologna inside the Beltway that leaves no sacred cow unskewered and no politically correct sensitivities unscorched. 

 

It Can’t Happen Here by Sinclair Lewis

It Can’t Happen Here is an alarming, eerily timeless work. The Chicago Tribune described the book as “written at a white heat,” for Lewis was outraged as he created it, tormented by Hitler’s aggression, the murderous events in Franco’s Spain, and nationalism rising in America. This book remains a warning about the fragility of democracy, juxtaposing hilarious satires with a blow-by-blow description of a president saving the country from welfare cheaters, sex, crime, and a liberal press by becoming a dictator. Military spokesman General Edgeways and Republican Party activist Mrs. Adelaide Tarr Gimmiitch sound as fresh as a CNN broadcast, and the events – from Supreme Court nominations to blasts at the media – appear totally contemporary. A man ahead of his time, Sinclair Lewis profoundly understood the American character and ripped away smug platitudes to give readers truth. In 1935, the Springfield Republican called It Can’t Happen Here “a message to thinking Americans.” Thinking Americans still need to hear it.

 

 

Give Us the Ballot: The Modern Struggle for Voting Rights in America by Ari Berman

In this groundbreaking narrative history, Ari Berman charts both the transformation of American democracy under the Voting Rights Act and the counterrevolution that has sought to limit voting rights, from 1965 to the present day. The act enfranchised millions of Americans and is widely regarded as the crowning achievement of the civil rights movement. And yet, fifty years later, we are still fighting heated battles over race, representation, and political power, with lawmakers devising new strategies to keep minorities out of the voting booth and with the Supreme Court declaring a key part of the Voting Rights Act unconstitutional.

Berman brings the struggle over voting rights to life through meticulous archival research, in-depth interviews with major figures in the debate, and incisive on-the-ground reporting. In vivid prose, he takes the reader from the demonstrations of the civil rights era to the halls of Congress to the chambers of the Supreme Court. At this important moment in history, Give Us the Ballot provides new insight into one of the most vital political and civil rights issues of our time.

 

 

Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right by Jane Mayer

Why is America living in an age of profound economic inequality? Why, despite the desperate need to address climate change, have even modest environmental efforts been defeated again and again? Why have protections for employees been decimated? Why do hedge-fund billionaires pay a far lower tax rate than middle-class workers?

The conventional answer is that a popular uprising against “big government” led to the ascendancy of a broad-based conservative movement. But as Jane Mayer shows in this powerful, meticulously reported history, a network of exceedingly wealthy people with extreme libertarian views bankrolled a systematic, step-by-step plan to fundamentally alter the American political system.

The network has brought together some of the richest people on the planet. Their core beliefs—that taxes are a form of tyranny; that government oversight of business is an assault on freedom—are sincerely held. But these beliefs also advance their personal and corporate interests: Many of their companies have run afoul of federal pollution, worker safety, securities, and tax laws.

The political operatives the network employs are disciplined, smart, and at times ruthless. Mayer documents instances in which people affiliated with these groups hired private detectives to impugn whistle-blowers, journalists, and even government investigators. And their efforts have been remarkably successful. Libertarian views on taxes and regulation, once far outside the mainstream and still rejected by most Americans, are ascendant in the majority of state governments, the Supreme Court, and Congress. Meaningful environmental, labor, finance, and tax reforms have been stymied.

 

 

Kids also care about voting, and of course they – as we all do – live with the consequences of every election as we continue to build on the successes and failures of the past. There are a lot of books out there for kids of all ages, and we encourage you to read with your kids!

 

Lillian’s Right to Vote: A Celebration of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 by Jonah Winter

An elderly African American woman, en route to vote, remembers her family’s tumultuous voting history in this picture book publishing in time for the fiftieth anniversary of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

As Lillian, a one-hundred-year-old African American woman, makes a “long haul up a steep hill” to her polling place, she sees more than trees and sky—she sees her family’s history. She sees the passage of the Fifteenth Amendment and her great-grandfather voting for the first time. She sees her parents trying to register to vote. And she sees herself marching in a protest from Selma to Montgomery. Veteran bestselling picture-book author Jonah Winter and Coretta Scott King Illustrator Award winner Shane W. Evans vividly recall America’s battle for civil rights in this lyrical, poignant account of one woman’s fierce determination to make it up the hill and make her voice heard.

 

Elizabeth Leads the Way: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Right to Vote by Tanya Lee Stone

Elizabeth Cady Stanton stood up and fought for what she believed in. From an early age, she knew that women were not given rights equal to men. But rather than accept her lesser status, Elizabeth went to college and later gathered other like-minded women to challenge the right to vote. Here is the inspiring story of an extraordinary woman who changed America forever because she wouldn’t take “no” for an answer.

 

Monster Needs Your Vote by Paul Czajak

Election season is here and Monster is ready to vote! But why cast your ballot when you can run for president instead? With speeches, debates, and a soapbox or two, Monster’s newest tale is a campaign encouraging kids to take a stand and fight for what they believe in.

 

Around America to Win the Vote: Two Suffragists, a Kitten, and 10,000 Miles by Mara Rockliff

In April 1916, Nell Richardson and Alice Burke set out from New York City in a little yellow car, embarking on a bumpy, muddy, unmapped journey ten thousand miles long. They took with them a teeny typewriter, a tiny sewing machine, a wee black kitten, and a message for Americans all across the country: Votes for Women! The women’s suffrage movement was in full swing, and Nell and Alice would not let anything keep them from spreading the word about equal voting rights for women. Braving blizzards, deserts, and naysayers—not to mention a whole lot of tires stuck in the mud—the two courageous friends made their way through the cities and towns of America to further their cause. One hundred years after Nell and Alice set off on their trip, Mara Rockliff revives their spirit in a lively and whimsical picture book, with exuberant illustrations by Hadley Hooper bringing their inspiring historical trek to life.

 

Thanks for listening with us today! Official Office Dog Lady Grey is here with us, and she joins us in encouraging you to go vote!

Peep Team Information Literacy Training: Part Two (Academic Library)

If you missed the first installment last week, you may want to start here: Peep Team Information Literacy Training: Part One (School Library)

When last we met up with our Peep Team, they had been very successful in their work with research and in using their information literacy skills. This week they have been asked to follow up on that, and to do some research in an academic library.

They visit the library at St. Cloud State University, and are confident they will find all the answers they need here!

Step One: Identify Information Needs

This week they are in search of information about large cats. They need more scholarly material this time, so they know that being in an academic library is the right place to find what they need. But they are immediately confronted by an enormous range of possibilities. They nervously started at the first station they found, but this is not getting them to the information they need.

Now what should they do???

They take some time to read the signs all around them, and to take stock of their surroundings.

Step Two: Locate and Retrieve Appropriate Sources of Information

Yes! Good work Peep Team!

When in doubt, find someone to ask. Libraries have teams of people who are ready to help you find information, no matter what you are looking for, or how hard your question might seem. St. Cloud State’s library has handy phones located around the library, available for users to ask quick questions as they search, to avoid going too far off their search.

Whew!

They found one book, but were not sure was exactly what they needed. And they knew they needed more material for their report, so they decided to go in search of more help to keep building up their resources.

Step Three: Evaluate Information and Its Sources Critically

Oh no, Peep Team!! You were doing so well!! Rules exist for a reason in a library!!

Here the team flagrantly flouts the rules requiring everyone to stay to the right when traversing the staircase. These stairs get a lot of traffic up and down, and staying safe is important for everyone.

(Spoiler alert: Not everyone stays safe.)

Come on, team. Get back to work!!

Okay, they are back on track and doing the right thing: meeting with a librarian to get help. St. Cloud State, like all libraries, has people at the Reference Desk who can help to bring in a variety of useful resources for their research.  You can tell that this is valuable, because the peeps are literally frozen in place as they hang on every word from the librarian.

This kind of personal attention and assistance is where a library really helps to make a library’s service valuable. Making these connections to the needs of their patrons is so important.

Using the information they learned from their work with the librarian at the Reference Desk, they returned to the stacks and they found a great resource! Look at that big, scary cat! The team is using a technique of “close reading” to analyze the text. (This is a little too close – generally we do not recommend standing on the books as a preservation issue. But we do recognize the challenges that come with being too short to easily grab large books.)

Step Four: Synthesize the information retrieved

As they started putting their work together, they found holes in their work – as everyone does. So they decided to find more material to ensure they were able to discuss all the material across their topic. Some of their material was in the closed stacks, so you can see how they were carefully walking down the aisle to find their material and avoid any problems on their way to retrieving their books.

Oh no! That level of care did NOT last! You can see that another patron pushed a button to compress the shelves, and the Peep Team started running. They ran and jumped for their travel bag – and most of them made it. Sadly, Alison tripped and was squished between the shelves. Yes, the nightmare of every library staffer who works in closed stacks came true for Allison: smashed in between the shelves and the closed on her.

(Don’t panic anyone. Allison is a Peep. She’s fine.)

Step Five: Present newly acquired knowledge so others can use it

And now the Peep Team is working together in a cubical at the library to assemble their presentation to their class. They were all so happy to see the resources the library had available to make their presentation easier to do. Putting it all together is crucial, and providing the tools to make it work was so helpful to the Peep Team!

Step Six: Translate these abilities and concepts to new projects and disciplines.

Rupert was so invigorated by Allison’s near-death experience in the closed stacks, that he translated that concept into a new ability to risk his life trying new death-defying ways. Libraries do NOT encourage that behavior.

However, the Peep Team also learned so much about tracking down new ideas and new skills for conquering Information Literacy skills. They are ready to take these skills to all new  places and to learn all new things.

Stay tuned next week when the Peep Team ventures out on yet another exciting Information Literacy Skills Adventure, this time in a public library!!

Do you want to learn more about Information Literacy? We want to talk about it! Join us for Summer Library Boot Camp on Tuesday June 26! “When people ask what we do in libraries, talking about Information Literacy will always be the right answer! In this session we will chat about the basics of Information Literacy, then talk about strategies for training different age groups and community groups. Identifying fake news is not a challenge; let’s help the communities we serve to understand the information that is both accurate and best for their personal needs!”

And here is some great info from Wesleyan University’s library: “Information literacy is a crucial skill in the pursuit of knowledge.  It involves recognizing when information is needed and being able to efficiently locate, accurately evaluate, effectively use, and clearly communicate information in various formats.  It refers to the ability to navigate the rapidly growing information environment, which encompasses an increasing number of information suppliers as well as the amount supplied, and includes bodies of professional literature, popular media, libraries, the Internet, and much more.  Increasingly, information is available in unfiltered formats, raising questions about its authenticity, validity, and reliability.  This abundance of information is of little help to those who have not learned how to use it effectively.

To become lifelong learners, we need to know not just how to learn, but how to teach ourselves.  We must acquire the skills necessary to be independent, self-directed learners.  An information literate person should be able to: 

  • Identify information needs and determine the extent of information needed.  Clearly and concisely define the question to be answered, and realize that the question may evolve.
  • Locate and retrieve appropriate sources of information.
    • Understand the structure of information: how is it produced, disseminated, organized, cataloged, stored, and retrieved, and how these factors vary by discipline.  For example, how do scholars or professionals keep up to date in and contribute to their field.
    • Use indexes and other search tools effectively and efficiently to find specific resources (e.g., select appropriate tools, formulate search strategies, use appropriate search techniques, evaluate results)
  • Evaluate information and its sources critically.
    • Understand different types of sources and formats, and how to use them.
    • Evaluate the relevance and reliability of the information retrieved.
  • Synthesize the information retrieved, integrate it into one’s current knowledge base, and successfully apply it to the original information need.
  • Present this newly acquired knowledge so that others can use it.
    • Determine the audience’s needs and the best presentation format; know the standards and criteria for presenting information in the relevant subject/field/discipline.
    • Properly cite sources: direct the audience to sources of further information and acknowledge one’s sources.
  • Translate these abilities and concepts to new projects and disciplines.

The long and winding road to DRM-free eBooks in academic libraries

DRM-free label.en

The issues of eBooks in libraries, including those in academic libraries, is always challenging. We are at an exciting time of change in the ways we share information with our patrons – but of course, change means figuring out “hey – how is this supposed to work??”

You can check out part of this article by , in No Shelf Required, to get an idea about some of the issues involved in this issue.

“The issue of Digital Rights Management (DRM) has been around for as long as ebooks have been around—and not only ebooks, but digital content in general, including online journals, movies, TV shows, games, and software. DRM is usually discussed in the context of copyright and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, which makes circumvention of measures that control access to copyrighted works a civil offense (in some cases even a federal crime). But DRM isn’t copyright. It refers to actual technology—a code or a set of codes—applied to restrict the digital use of copyrighted materials. In the publishing world, it is a way of ‘protecting’ digital books against copyright infringement and piracy, which have been a major concern to publishers since the advent of the Internet. By using protection—usually via three DRM types, Amazon for Kindle, Apple’s FairPlay for iBookstore and Adobe’s Digital Editions Protection Technology—publishers (or copyright holders) are able to control what users can and cannot do with digital content.

Continue reading The long and winding road to DRM-free eBooks in academic libraries

Recap: Florida State Cancels Bundled Journal Deal With Elsevier

Research Journals

Academic journals are a huge expense for any academic library. And Elsevier is often the public face of library fury over the intractable nature of pricing.

We are sharing this article with you, to give you some quick info on one aspect of a very large situation.

Written by Lindsay McKenzie, from Inside Higher Ed:

“Florida State University will cancel its comprehensive subscription to Elsevier journals.

Julia Zimmerman, dean of university libraries at Florida State, released a statement saying the decision to cancel the libraries’ “big deal” with Elsevier had been made after “long deliberation.”

“FSU is being charged too much — all because of a poorly thought-out 20-year-old contract between Elsevier and the State University System,” said Zimmerman. Florida currently pays just under $2 million a year for access to Elsevier content. She said other public universities are paying much less for the same content.

Zimmerman said that Florida had tried “every possible way” to negotiate a better deal, without success. “A partial cancellation is our only remaining option,” she said.

From January 2019, FSU will only subscribe to a subset of “most-needed journals” from Elsevier. Zimmerman said the cancellation would enable the library to acquire other materials requested by faculty, which had previously been denied.

This is not the first time that Florida State University has canceled a “big deal” with a publisher, according to SPARC’s Big Deal Cancellation Tracking resource. The institution canceled its Springer Nature package in 2015 after it transpired that FSU was being charged several times more than other Florida universities for the same product.

The Elsevier contract was based on enrollment at the time it was signed. Since then, some Florida universities have grown at faster rates than has Florida State.

A spokesman for the company said via email, “Elsevier provides different options for its customers, including all access options such as the Freedom Collection, as well as title by title options that provide customers flexibility to choose the most appropriate titles for their collections. We will look to work with FSU on the options that best meet the balance of their collection needs and costs.””

Journals and Articles are Increasingly Out of Reach: SCIENCE’S PIRATE QUEEN

Research JournalsIf you are involved in any type of academic research, you know how totally out of control prices are for your community members. I was recently looking for an article I wrote – and the publisher offered to charge me $36 to look at it for 24 hours!! (Note that as the author, I get $0 of that price.) I laughed out loud.

Subscription costs for journals keep spiraling upward, but library budgets do not match them. As library people, we want to support our community members in their search for information, and we are responsible for ensuring everyone follows copyright laws and DRM requirements, along with publisher requirements. It can all be a serious challenge to anyone who needs to find academic research material.

So I am always intrigued to read about the “pirates” of the research world – sharing articles with anyone. We are definitely not advocating steering your patrons to these illegal sources (that tend to be easier to use than your catalog, and cost them nothing) – we would much prefer for journals to become more accessible for people in a more fair system.

But you should be aware of the developments in the world of academic research, so we are sharing this article from The Verge about one woman’s efforts to share research – not just with scholars in the US, but also around the world.

“In cramped quarters at Russia’s Higher School of Economics, shared by four students and a cat, sat a server with 13 hard drives. The server hosted Sci-Hub, a website with over 64 million academic papers available for free to anybody in the world. It was the reason that, one day in June 2015, Alexandra Elbakyan, the student and programmer with a futurist streak and a love for neuroscience blogs, opened her email to a message from the world’s largest publisher: “YOU HAVE BEEN SUED.”

It wasn’t long before an administrator at Library Genesis, another pirate repository named in the lawsuit, emailed her about the announcement. “I remember when the administrator at LibGen sent me this news and said something like ‘Well, that’s… that’s a real problem.’ There’s no literal translation,” Elbakyan tells me in Russian. “It’s basically ‘That’s an ass.’ But it doesn’t translate perfectly into English. It’s more like ‘That’s fucked up. We’re fucked.’”

The publisher Elsevier owns over 2,500 journals covering every conceivable facet of scientific inquiry to its name, and it wasn’t happy about either of the sites. Elsevier charges readers an average of $31.50 per paper for access; Sci-Hub and LibGen offered them for free. But even after receiving the “YOU HAVE BEEN SUED” email, Elbakyan was surprisingly relaxed. She went back to work. She was in Kazakhstan. The lawsuit was in America. She had more pressing matters to attend to, like filing assignments for her religious studies program; writing acerbic blog-style posts on the Russian clone of Facebook, called vKontakte; participating in various feminist groups online; and attempting to launch a sciencey-print T-shirt business.

That 2015 lawsuit would, however, place a spotlight on Elbakyan and her homegrown operation. The publicity made Sci-Hub bigger, transforming it into the largest Open Access academic resource in the world. In just six years of existence, Sci-Hub had become a juggernaut: the 64.5 million papers it hosted represented two-thirds of all published research, and it was available to anyone.

But as Sci-Hub grew in popularity, academic publishers grew alarmed. Sci-Hub posed a direct threat to their business model. They began to pursue pirates aggressively, putting pressure on internet service providers (ISPs) to combat piracy. They had also taken to battling advocates of Open Access, a movement that advocates for free, universal access to research papers. Continue reading Journals and Articles are Increasingly Out of Reach: SCIENCE’S PIRATE QUEEN